PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

      1.   The Form of Present Perfect Tense:

(+)	He,She,It		has	collected	stamps	for many years
	S		has	V3	O	time signal
	They,We,I,You		have	collected	stamps	for many years
	S		have	V3	O	time signal
(-)	He,She,It		has	not	collected	stamps	for many years
	S		has	not	V3	O	time signal
	They,We,I,You		have	not	collected	stamps	for many years
	S		have	not	V3	O	time signal
(?)	Has	He,She,It		collected	stamps	for many years		?
	Has	S		V3	O	time signal		?
	Have	They,We,I,You		collected	stamps	for many years		?
	Have	S		V3	O	time signal		?

      *note: time signal yang menandai present perfect tense: since dan for

      2.   Function

a)    This tense indicates either that an action was completed (finished or "perfected") at some point in the past or that the action extends to the present.

(mengungkapkan suatu aktivitas atau situasi yang telah dimulai di masa lalu dan telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu atau masih berlanjut sampai sekarang).

·      They have collected stamps for many years.

(aktivitas mengoleksi perangko dimulai pada masa lampau kemudian dilanjutkan sampai sekarang)

·      I have run the Boston Marathon.

(kegiatan lari maratonnya sudah usai dilakukan beberapa waktu lalu)

b)   Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important.

(Present perfect tense untuk mengungkapkan kejadian di masa lalu tanpa peduli kapan tepatnya terjadi)

·      I’ve read this book.

·      I have seen that movie twenty times.

c)    Present Perfect Tense to talk about experiences.

(mengengkapkan pengalaman)

·      I have been abroad two times.

·      He has never traveled by train.

d)   Present perfect tense untuk membicarakan event yang baru saja terjadi.

·      The rain’s just stopped.

·      I’ve just sent you an email.

Exercise!

A.  Change the verb into the right form!

1.    They__________(move) into a new apartment.

2.    I __________(like) cowboy movies ever since I was a child

3.    I __________(live) in Cilegon for 3 months.

4.    She __________(not, see) Janine since Friday.

5.    __________(have/has) you ever eaten sushi?

B. Change the sentence above into the negative (number 1-3) and interrogative (1 and 3) form!